Tourism water footprint: an empirical analysis of Mount Huangshan

Water is an important factor for the sustainable development of tourism. We constructed a comprehensive model of the tourism water footprint (TWF), including tourism sewage and water for management, and used the world heritage Mount Huangshan as an example. The results showed that the total TWF, which included green, blue and grey water of Mount Huangshan in 2012, was about 10.19 million m³/year, approximately per tourist 3.39?m³/day or 3387?L/day. Tourism sewage and food were the main factors of water consumption. The spatial transfer of TWF led the spillover of tourism environmental impact, not only affecting Mount Huangshan but the Huangshan City and even nationwide. Tourist flow and temperature had a highly significant positive correlation with the TWF. Quantifying the TWF can reflect the pressure of tourists on water resources, and provide an effective decision-making basis for rational use of water resources.     

Residential Enclosure,Power and Relationality: Rethinking Sociopolitical Relations in Southeast Asian Cities

As in many other areas around the globe, enclosed residential spaces have proliferated in Southeast Asia since the 1990s. Recent publications have presented such gated communities as ‘porous enclaves', implying multiple socio‐spatial dynamics of movements through gates and walls. However, the enclave model does not suffice for analyzing the relational dynamics generated by enclosed residential estates. The concept of ‘ecotonal space' and social geography are used to show, in the case of Cambodia's capital Phnom Penh, that the enclosure and its borders are producers and products of multiple social, spatial, economic and political relations, both symbolic and material. Property developers assert their position as an emerging elite in the city's society and politics, a process based on different types of everyday relations they have with the inhabitants of their residential estates and territorial institutions. The enclosed residential estate can serve as a resource for deploying new power relations. Consubstantial with the neopatrimonial nature of the Cambodian economy and politics, this process is a response to the opacity and uncertainty of real estate markets and urban development.     

2004-2008年福建省制造业空间结构及变化分析

基于2008年和2004年福建省制造业产值，以县域为基本研究单元，采用K均值聚类法对66个研究单元进行聚类、合并，根据制造业集聚程度将福建省划分为核心区、中间区和外围区3个区域；并测算制造业空间结构的集中度以及产业结构调整对区域集中度变动的贡献率α和产业空间分布变动对制造业空间结构变化的贡献率β，结果表明：核心区制造业高集聚，但集中度呈下降趋势，中间区和外围区的制造业集中度有所上升，但相对缓慢；各产业类型的空间结构及变化均有较大的差异，集中度区域变动较为显著的产业主要有食品加工业、烟草加工业本地资源依赖型行业和皮革、毛皮、羽绒及其制品业等外向度高的行业；本地资源依赖型的木草加工、饮料食品业和原有发展基础影响大的设备制造业等行业的变化是影响福建省制造业空间结构变化的主要原因。     

基于对中专生学习能力的调查研究

某些中专院校为了让在校的学生拿到大专毕业证书,开设了远程教育。远程教育的特点决定学生必须具有较强的学习能力。文章就现今中专生学习能力状况做一调查,发现学生的学习能力普遍较差,认为培养质疑能力是提高中专生学习能力的关键。     

Accounting for customer satisfaction in measuring hotel efficiency: Evidence from the US hotel industry

Customer satisfaction, though an important output, is often ignored in hotel efficiency studies. Our study provides empirical evidence that excluding customer satisfaction may lead to significant difference in the mean and ranking of hotel efficiency scores. We derive our hotel efficiency scores using the distance stochastic frontier method based on a balanced sample of leading hotel chains in the US. We present and compare the efficiency results from two models, one that includes customer satisfaction and one that excludes customer satisfaction. The study discusses the difference in efficiency scores between the models. It also elaborates on the efficiency scores of some individual hotel chains and provides directions for future research.     

Technical and environmental efficiencies and best management practices in agriculture

An Input Distance Function (IDF) is estimated to empirically evaluate and analyse the technical and environmental efficiencies of 210 farms located in the Chaudière watershed (Quebec), where water quality problems are particularly acute because of the production of undesirable outputs that are jointly produced with agricultural products. The true IDF is approximated by a flexible translog functional form estimated using a full information maximum likelihood method. Technical and environmental efficiencies are disaggregated across farms and account for spatial variations. Our results show that there is a significant correlation between the two efficiencies. The IDF is used to compute the cumulative Malmquist productivity index and the Fisher index. The two indices are used to measure changes in technology, profitability, efficiency and productivity in response to the adoption of two selected Best Management Practices (BMPs) whose objective is to reduce water pollution. We found significant differences across BMPs regarding the direction and the magnitude of their effect.     

Profit Based Efficiency Measures,with an Application to Rice Production in Southern India

Using non‐parametric methods, we estimate the foregone rents due to credit, allocative, and technical inefficiencies of subsistence farmers in Southern India. The lost rents are estimated directly from the Nerlovian efficiency index, and the results suggest the largest foregone rents derive from allocative inefficiencies and then credit inefficiencies. Also, results suggest that farms without well access experience larger losses than those with well access. Econometric results suggest education, the presence of tank water management efforts, and well access influence the level of foregone rent due to allocative and Nerlovian inefficiencies. Educational activities and policies to encourage better management of tanks are considered important for lowering the foregone losses.     

中距离无线短信传输器

本设计以MSP430系统为核心,设计一个中距离无线短信传输器。用MSP430系统,采用中断控制nrf905单片无线收发器、液晶显示模块、键盘等模块,以实现点对点短信的发送与接收、信息的存储、存储与新建联系人、时间的显示与调整、闹钟、输入法的切换、电子书等功能。低功耗是本设计的一大特点。     

行业集聚度、研发投入与企业价值

本文从行业聚集度视角分析研发投入对企业价值的影响，从而检验行业聚集度对企业创新投入与价值提升的作用效果。运用2010～2015年上市公司数据实证分析行业聚集度对研发投入的影响，以及行业聚集度对研发投入价值相关性的调节作用。研究表明行业聚集度对企业研发投入具有促进作用，行业聚集度对企业研发投入价值相关性具有负向调节作用。据此研究结论，对政府与企业提出相应的建议。     

北京大都市边缘区耕地多功能评价指标体系构建——以大兴区为例

研究目的:构建基于过程的耕地多功能评价指标体系,探究耕地各功能间相关关系,并以大兴区为例加以应用。研究方法:基于"指标—过程—功能—需求"理论框架,构建基于过程的耕地多功能评价指标体系,运用指数和法、内梅罗综合污染指数法以及有机碳密度方程进行定量化评价。研究结果:(1)大兴区耕地生产、缓冲过滤功能处于中等偏下水平;(2)健康功能有进一步恶化的趋势;(3)碳固持功能较弱,且空间分异较其他三种功能更为明显;(4)碳固持和健康功能呈现拮抗关系,其他各对功能间均有一定的协同关系。研究结论:基于过程的耕地多功能评价指标体系的是可行的。